Is Abortion the Best Option? Essay -- essays research papers

LIFE  â â â â Numerous individuals talk about numerous issues. Some are more warmed than others are. Premature birth is an issue that partitions are country like no other. Religions, genders, and even ideological groups take inverse sides on the issue. The inquiry is, which conclusion is ethically admissible? What is premature birth you may inquire? In the Merriam-Webster word reference, premature birth was characterized as incited end of pregnancy and ejection of incipient organism or embryo: suspension of ordinary development, preceding full turn of events or development. In straightforward terms, the executing of an incipient organism and removing it. Where did this wrath and fermenting contentions originate from? All things considered, in 1973 the Supreme Court decided for Jane Roe in a 7-2 choice. This choice permitted premature births to be legitimate in each of the 50 expresses that were performed inside the main trimester of pregnancy. Preceding this choice, a premature birth was just performed to spare a mother’s life. Since this dubious choice was made, the issue of premature birth rings all through American culture regular (Goldman, Jerry). As not long after the choice in 1973, the American individuals immediately hopped to some side. These different sides were expert life and master decision. An expert decision individual accepts that this creating incipient organism is simply a mass of tissue similarly as creating skin cells or liver cells. This individual accepts that it is the woman’s decision whether to have the child or not. The child is being conveyed inside her body and being given supplements by her, and halting the advancement of this hatchling under any conditions is right. This gathering unequivocally concurs with the 1973 Supreme Court choice and pushes for more premature birth rights. An expert lifer accepts that the unborn youngster is a person and has the privilege to live. Prematurely ending this unborn kid is viewed as a demonstration of homicide to this gathering. John Noonan is an educator of law at the University of Berkeley. Noonan is a Roman Catholic savant who contends premature birth is ethically off-base. He protects the preservationist see (ace life) by expressing, â€Å"an substance turns into an individual at origination and that premature birth, but to spare the mother’s life, is ethically wrong.† He accepts that hatchlings are honest people, and since it isn't right to execute honest people, which embryos are blameless people, it isn't right to slaughter babies. (Fetus removal) Noonan poses the inquiry: How would you decide the humankind of a being? He goes o... ...hich 390 are ovulated. When spermatozoon and ovum meet, contemplates show that just around 20 percent get an opportunity at unconstrained fetus removal. In straightforward terms, the possibility of a baby creating is 1 out of multiple times. This is by all accounts remarkable chances. (Science Book)      The next issue to be examined is understanding. Professional decision would contend that one who has encountered, lived and endured, one who have recollections, is more human than one who has not. This qualification isn't functional. An incipient organism following two months is encountering, as it is receptive to contact and sensation. Moreover, in the event that a human has lost his memory because of state aphasia, at that point would he say he is not human? In view of this issue he would not be. Nor would the man who has never cherished or learned, for these are positively human encounters.      Finally, I should summarize everything with some scriptural thinking, being a solid adherent to God. The expression of God states, â€Å"do not harm your individual man without reason.† In these terms, when the mankind of an embryo is perceived.(Abortion Facts) Abortion just abuses the equity of human life. So I end with an inquiry, are premature births wrong? You choose.

The Basics of Quantum Mechanics essays

The Basics of Quantum Mechanics expositions Quantum Mechanics is the study of subatomic particles and their personal conduct standards that are seen in nature. As the establishment of logical information moved toward the beginning of the twentieth century, issues started to emerge over the way that brilliant physical thoughts were not fit for clarifying the watched conduct of subatomic particles. In 1913, the Danish physicist Neils Bohr proposed an effective quantum model of the molecule that started the procedure of an increasingly characterized comprehension of its subatomic particles. It was acknowledged in the early piece of the twentieth century that light went as the two waves and particles. The explanation light seems to go about as a wave and molecule is that we are seeing the aggregation of many light particles appropriated over the probabilities of where every molecule could be. In 1923, Louis De Broglie speculated that subatomic particles display wavelike and molecule properties for a similar explanation. The achiev ement of these hypotheses roused physicists to build up an approach to portray the conduct of subatomic wonders in regards to the two waves and particles utilizing science. Newton's laws, the premise of great physical thoughts, help acquire exact data about the area of an item at any future time. Traditional material science expect all impacts and places of particles can be estimated on the double. The double wave-molecule nature of electrons went against such convictions. In an evolving domain, just like the nature of the electron, old style physical qualities of position and energy are short lived wonders. No nuclear molecule can have both of these properties simultaneously. An electron can't be seen without changing its state. The concurrent estimation of two conjugate factors, for example, the force and position or the vitality and time for a moving molecule involves a restriction on the exactness of every estimation. This recognition is the thing that Werner Heisenberg alluded to as the rule of uncerta... <!

Post-College Reading Fatigue

Post-College Reading Fatigue This is a guest post from Ashley Wertz. Ashley is a writer, artist, and well of useless knowledge. She graduated from the University of Pittsburgh in 2017 with a BA in English, a minor in Studio Arts, and a certificate in Childrens Literature. She has written for sites such as Study Breaks Magazine and ComicsVerse. In her free time, she reads graphic novels and paints portraits of Stevie Nicks. Blog:  https://ashleywertzportfolio.wordpress.com/ Twitter Handle: ashleywertzzz In four years of college, I seldom read for myself. I felt guilty about cracking open something for fun when I had novels and essays piling up. And even when I did find that morsel of a moment for myself, I would much rather spend it watching a show or attending to my other neglected hobbies. If you’re anything like me, the post-college reading fatigue is real. Reading has become more a task than a joy, blocks of teeny text like a wall that I can’t seem to climb over. Maybe I could blame my ever-dwindling attention span on a world where we find 280 character tweets too much to absorb sometimes. But I know my love for reading is still there, it’s just buried under the need to over-analyze and find arguments for essays. When your mind is still in college mode, it’s hard to overlook certain aspects of books and enjoy them for fun’s sake. So how do you begin to get yourself out of the reading rut? As a kid, I could read multiple books in a day. If only there was a way to rekindle the actual fun part of reading without a time machine. For me, the best way to get back into the groove is to take baby steps. I’ve been reading a lot of comics and graphic novels because I’m a visual person. And the combination of graphics and text make it easy to breeze through the thickest of books. The illustrations do a lot of the legwork when it comes to storytelling, in a way that written word just can’t mimic. And as an artist, reading comics is like killing two birds with one stone; I can find inspiration while putting a dent in my TBR. And since I’m on a true crime kick, one of my favorite graphic novels lately has been My Friend Dahmer. Audio books are also a great way to get in some reading, especially when multitasking. If I’m driving a fair distance, I’ll listen to something on the way there. A good narrator can also make the driest of books more interesting, especially some of the classics I’ve been pushing off. And it’s pretty easy to find free audiobooks on Spotify and YouTube, so even if you’re not totally into the auditory experience, at least you’re not losing anything by trying it out. However, even as helpful as these forms of reading can be, motivation is still a factor I need to consider. Recently, one of my best friends and I decided to start a “book club” consisting of just the two of us (so far). I feel way more driven to read when somebody else is relying on me for conversation or I have some sort of deadline. This kind of sounds like school all over again, but you get to pick what you read and you don’t have to write an essay at the end. Reading should never be a chore, but after countless hours of studying novels from the early 1900s and articles about ancient ruins, it’s difficult to find the spark again. Like with anything you’re obligated to do, even hobbies you love lose their fun factor. But with some time and gentle goals, we jaded college grads can read again with fervor.

Eriksons Eight Stages Of Psychosocial Development

When I look back to my transition to college and how my family has supported me throughout my life, I realized that many developmental theories could apply. In Erikson’s Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development, he uses different ranges of age to portray one’s crises and dilemmas in various stages of life (Bjorklund, 2015). As an 18 year-old college student, I feel connected to the fifth stage of Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development: Identity versus Role Confusion. In the fifth stage, Erikson describes that during the ages 13-18, most teens are transitioning to young adults and this is the stage in human development where they are trying to find their identity in their occupation, gender/sex role, religion, and politics (Bjorklund, 2015). Either they have found their identity or they have failed to find their identity which leads into a role confusion. During my transition into college, I experienced an identity crisis for not knowing what I wanted to stu dy or pursue as a career. Before I came to college, I was considering a career in Math and I thought I knew what I wanted to study. However, as I grew older and saw different perspectives of my intended career as a college student, I changed my mind. Although I have begun to answer some of these questions about gender roles, religion, and politics, I am still uncertain of my occupational identity. Although Erikson’s stages of human development might have fit with the expectations in his generation, I think hisShow MoreRelatedReflect Upon Your Own Life in Terms of the Eriksons 8 Stages of Psychosocial Development and Write About What Was Your Experience Like Handling Each of the Eight Developmental Tasks/Conflicts.3296 Words   |  14 Pagesview, everyone experiences eight crises or conflicts in development. During each of the eight stages of personality development, a specific developmental task or conflict will be more significant than any other. Please reflect upon your own life in terms of the Erikson’s 8 stages of Psychosocial Development and write about what was your experience like handling each of the eight developmental tasks/conflicts (where applicable). Erikson’s Psycho-Social Development Erik Erikson theory consistsRead MoreThe Eight Stages Of Psychosocial Development814 Words   |  4 PagesTheory Selection Rational Understanding the eight stages of psychosocial development in a practical sense is vital to building a healthy student teacher relationship. I selected this theory to gain an understanding of how to effectively interact with my future students. This theory refines my ability to identify and gage my student’s unique psychological developmental progress. A deeper understanding of this enables me the ability to identify key developmental milestones and improve my lesson plansRead MoreIntroduction. Erik Erickson’S Interest In How One’S Environment1646 Words   |  7 Pagesand the development of personality, led him to create the psychosocial theory, â€Å"Eight Stages of Man.† Erikson’s final four stages of psychosocial development describes a person’s development from adolescence to late adulthood. This paper will analyze the final four stages of development, which includes: Adolescence, Young Adulthood, Middle Adulthood, and Late Adulthood. H owever, one of the major criticisms of the stage theories is that they do not equally apply to all individuals. Each stage of developmentRead MoreErik Erikson : Psychosocial Development1103 Words   |  5 PagesErik Erikson: Psychosocial Stages of Development â€Å"Erik Erikson was best-known for his famous theory of psychosocial development and the concept of the identity crisis. His theories marked and important shift in thinking on personality; instead of focusing simply on early childhood events, his psychosocial theory looked at how social influences contribute to personality throughout the entire lifespan† (Cherry). This paper will discuss Erikson’s childhood and the influence it had on his work. AlsoRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory On Child Development1388 Words   |  6 PagesErik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory on Child Development Erik Erikson, a well known developmental theorist, developed his theory about stages of human development from birth to death by using Freud s work as a starting point. According to Erikson, personality develops in a series of stages. Erikson found out that children experience conflicts which affect their development. He described the internal conflict which children go through in developmental stages using the term ‘crisis’ and are based onRead MoreThe Psychosocial Theory Of Human Development832 Words   |  4 PagesA third development theory that I will discuss is called the â€Å"Psychosocial Theory.† The psychosocial developmental theory emerged from the work of psychologist Erik Erikson. Erikson argued that human development was influenced by social experiences that take place through eight stages. In fact, Erikson’s theory was influenced by his experience in analyzing and studying of various types of people from various backgrounds and culture. Thus , Erikson believed that human life evolved through experiencingRead MoreThe Theories of Bandura versus Erikson859 Words   |  3 Pages How does an infant develop into an adult? The answer is not as obvious as it seems. There are a variety of factors that contribute to human development. A person not only grows physically but also cognitively and socio-emotionally. This paper will explain two theories; one cognitive and one socio-emotional; about human development. The two theories will be described, compared, contrasted and individually evaluated based on the strong points and limitations. The first theory examined is AlbertRead MoreEarly Childhood Psychosocial Development Essay1307 Words   |  6 Pages The development starts from infant until old age. Childhood is a time of tremendous change, but people also continue to grow slowly and develop during adulthood. It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence. These developmental changes may be influenced by genetic factor, environment factor and maturation factor. There are three types of human development changes: physical development, cognitive development and psychosocial development. Our group member’s choice is psychosocial developmentRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesErik Erikson’s psychosocial theory states that we go through 8 developmental stages in life. Erikson states that these stages are necessary in the progression and development of human growth from infancy into adulthood. Each developmental stage presents a crisis that must be resolved during that stage for a healthy development. Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory outlines that we develop in psychosocial stages instead of psychosexual ones. I agree with Erikson because one might not get through theRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory Of Development1582 Words   |  7 PagesErik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development Erik Erikson, a German psychologist of the early 1900s, is most known for his theory on psychosocial development in humans. He was heavily influenced by his work with Anna Freud and her father, Sigmund Freud. However, in his research, he put emphasis on the cultural and social impact on identity development and studying the ego, which he believed developed with successful crisis resolving throughout life (â€Å"Erikson’s Stages†, 2007). He proposed the

The EU Citizenship Right to Free Movement and Residence Free Essay Example, 2000 words

In Martinez Sala case, the ECJ held that the provisions spelling out the citizenship rights translate into essential free movement rights and work as adjunct measures to the provisions of the Union law. The pegging of the movement rights on economic productivity, but lends credence to an argument that the EU citizenship advances quasi-economic agendas (de Waele, 2010). Elsuwege and Kochenov (2011) suggested that the freedom of movement and settle within the EU 27 is provided for under Article 18 of the EC. Article undeniably advances one of the two facets of the Union s citizenship (Likic-Brboric, 2011). This right embodies the pre-condition for enjoying the most essential freedoms and vital citizen rights. This is because the supranational element is paramount in the invocation of the EU law. Carrera and Wiesbrock (2010) argued that it obviously attempts to establish general liberty as far as the movement of EU citizens is concerned, without any regard for economic freedoms. As a r esult of the recent outcomes of the ECJ case laws, it is arguable that the economic objective is being advanced if not realized. In contrast, Baumbast and R. We will write a custom essay sample on The EU Citizenship Right to Free Movement and Residence or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

History of Feminism in the 1990’s Free Essays

string(114) " Federal Bureau of Investigation director, William Webster, declared that he saw no evidence of â€Å"terrorism\." Overall, the rights and status of women have improved considerably in the last century; however, gender equality has recently been threatened within the last decade. Blatantly sexist laws and practices are slowly being eliminated while social perceptions of â€Å"women’s roles† continue to stagnate and even degrade back to traditional ideals. It is these social perceptions that challenge the evolution of women as equal on all levels. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Feminism in the 1990’s or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this study, I will argue that subtle and blatant sexism continues to exist throughout educational, economic, professional and legal arenas. Women who carefully follow their expected roles may never recognize sexism as an oppressive force in their life. I find many parallels between women’s experiences in the nineties with Betty Friedan’s, in her essay: The Way We Were – 1949. She dealt with a society that expected women to fulfill certain roles. Those roles completely disregarded the needs of educated and motivated business women and scientific women. Actually, the subtle message that society gave was that the educated woman was actually selfish and evil. I remember in particular the searing effect on me, who once intended to be a psychologist, of a tory in McCall’s in December 1949 called â€Å"A Weekend with Daddy. † A little girl who lives a lonely life with her mother, divorced, an intellectual know-it-all psychologist, goes to the country to spend a weekend with her father and his new wife, who is wholesome, happy, and a good cook and gardener. And there is love and laughter and growing flowers and hot clams and a gourmet cheese omelet and square dancing, and she doesn’t want to go home. But, pitying her poor mother typing away all by herself in the lonesome apartment, she keeps her guilty secret that from now on she will e living for the moments when she can escape to that dream home in the country where they know â€Å"what life is all about. † (See Endnote #1) I have often consulted my grandparents about their experiences, and I find their historical perspective enlightening. My grandmother was pregnant with her third child in 1949. Her work experience included: interior design and modeling women’s clothes for the Sears catalog. I asked her to read the Friedan essay and let me know if she felt as moved as I was, and to share with me her experiences of sexism. Her immediate reaction was to point out that â€Å"Betty Friedan was a college educated woman and she had certain goals that never interested me. † My grandmother, though growing up during a time when women had few social rights, said she didn’t experience oppressive sexism in her life. However, when she describes her life accomplishments, I feel she has spent most of her life fulfilling the expected roles of women instead of pursuing goals that were mostly reserved for men. Unknowingly, her life was controlled by traditional, sexist values prevalent in her time and still prevalent in the nineties. Twenty-four years after the above article from McCall’s magazine was written, the Supreme Court decided whether women should have a right to an abortion in Roe v. Wade (410 U. S. 113 (1973)). I believe the decision was made in favor of women’s rights mostly because the court made a progressive decision to consider the woman as a human who may be motivated by other things in life than just being a mother. Justice Blackmun delivered the following opinion: Maternity, or additional offspring, may force upon the woman a distressful life and future. Psychological harm may be imminent. Mental and physical health may be taxed by child care. There is also a distress, for all concerned, associated with the unwanted child, and there is the problem of bringing a child into a family already unable, psychologically and otherwise, to care for it. In other cases, as in this one, the additional difficulties and continuing stigma of unwed motherhood I feel the court decision of Roe v. Wade would not have been made in 1949. Even in 1973, it was a progressive decision. The problem of abortion has existed for the entire history of this country (and eyond), but had never been addressed because discussing these issues was not socially acceptable. A culture of not discussing issues that have a profound impact on women is a culture that The right of abortion became a major issue. Before 1970, about a million abortions were done every year, of which only about ten thousand were legal. Perhaps a third of the women having illegal abortions – mostly poor people – had to be hospitalized for complications. How many thousands died as a result of these illegal abortions no one really knows. But the illegalization of abortion clearly orked against the poor, for the rich could manage either to have their baby or to have their abortion under safe conditions. (See Endnote #3) A critic of the women’s movement would quickly remind us that women have a right to decline marriage and sex, and pursue their individual interests. However, I would argue that the social pressure women must endure if they do not conform to their expected role is unfair. The problem goes beyond social conformity and crosses into government intervention (or lack thereof). The 1980’s saw the pendulum swing against the women’s movement. Violent acts against women who sought abortions became common and the government was unsympathetic to the victims. There are parallels between the Southern Black’s civil rights movement and the women’s movement: Blacks have long been accustomed to the white government being unsympathetic to violent acts against them. During the civil rights movement, legal action seemed only to come when a white civil rights activist was killed. Women are facing similar disregard presently, and their movement is truly one A national campaign by the National Organization of Women began on 2 March 1984, demanding hat the US Justice Department investigate anti-abortion terrorism. On 1 August federal authorities finally agreed to begin to monitor the violence. However, Federal Bureau of Investigation director, William Webster, declared that he saw no evidence of â€Å"terrorism. You read "History of Feminism in the 1990’s" in category "Essay examples" Only on 3 January 1985, in a pro-forma statement, did the President criticize the series of bombings as â€Å"violent anarchist acts† but he still refused to term them â€Å"terrorism. † Reagan deferred to Moral Majoritarian Jerry Falwell’s subsequent campaign to have fifteen million Americans wear â€Å"armbands† on 22 January 1985, â€Å"one or every legal abortion† since 1973. Falwell’s anti-abortion outburst epitomized Reaganism’s orientation: â€Å"We can no longer passively and quietly wait for the Supreme Court to change their mind or for Congress to pass a law. † Extremism on the right was no vice, moderation no virtue. Or, as Hitler explained in Mein Kamph, â€Å"The very first essential for success is a perpetually constant and regular employment of violence. † (See Endnote #4) This mentality continued on through 1989 during the Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (109 S. Ct. 3040 (1989)) case. The Reagan Administration had urged the Supreme Court to use this case as the basis for overturning Roe v. Wade. † (See Endnote #5) It is disturbing that the slow gains achieved by the women’s movement are so volatile and endangered when conservative administrations gain a majority in government. To put the problem into perspective: a woman’s right to have an abortion in this country did not come until 1973. Less than two decades later, the president of the United States is pushing to take that right away. It seems blatant that society is bent on putting women in their places. From the above examples, it appears American culture prefers women as non-professional, non-intellectual, homemakers and mothers. This mentality is not easily resolved, because it is introduced at a young age. Alice Brooks experienced inequality on the basis of her race and her sex. In her autobiography, A Dream Deferred, she recalls the reaction of her father when she brought up the idea of college to him: I found a scholarship for veterans’ children and asked my father to sign and furnish proof that he was a veteran. He refused and told me that I was only going to get married and have babies. I needed to stay home and help my mother with her kids. My brother needed college to support a family. Not only was I not going to get any help, I was also tagged as selfish because I wanted to This is another example of women being labeled as selfish for wanting the same opportunities as men. Alice Brooks is a very courageous woman; seemingly able to overcome any oppression she may encounter. During her presentation to our class, she said that â€Å"women who succeed in male dominated fields are never mediocre – they are extraordinary achievers. † Her insight encapsulates uch of the subtle sexism that exists today. I feel that no one can truly be equal in a society when only the â€Å"extraordinary achievers† are allowed to succeed out of their expected social role. This attitude of rising blatant and subtle attacks on women’s civil rights is further exemplified in recent reactions to affirmative action plans. These plans have been devised to try to give women and minorities an opportunity to participate in traditionally white male dominated areas. However, we see the same trends in legal action for the use of affirmative action plans as we saw in the 980’s backlash against the Roe v. Wade decision. A few interesting points were presented in the case, Johnson v. Transportation Agency, Santa Clara (480 U. S. 616 (1987)). Mr. Paul E. Johnson filed suit against the Santa Clara County Transportation Agency when he was denied a promotion, feeling the company’s affirmative action plan denied him of his civil rights. Some interesting facts were presented in this case: Specifically, 9 of the 10 Para-Professionals and 110 of the 145 Office and Clerical Workers were women. By contrast, women were only 2 of the 28 Officials and Administrators, 5 of the 58 Professionals, 12 of the 124 Technicians, none of the Skilled Crafts Workers, and 1 – who was Joyce – of the 110 Road Maintenance Workers. The above statistics show women have been considerably underrepresented at the Santa Clara County Transportation Agency. These numbers are not uncommon and are found throughout business. It is interesting to note the current popular perception is that affirmative action precludes white males from finding employment with companies that implement these plans. The truth is in the numbers, however. The fact that Mr. Johnson felt he was denied his civil rights because an equally qualified woman was given a promotion, instead of him, is just a small window into the subtle sexism that exists today. Most critics of affirmative action do not consider the grossly unequal numbers of men in management and professional positions. Secondly, it never seems an issue of debate that a woman may have had no other previous life opportunities in these male dominated areas. I do not intend to argue that affirmative action is good or bad, but only wish to point out that the current backlash against these programs is heavily rooted in sexism and racism. Often blatant violence or unfair acts against a group of people will cause that group to pull together and empower themselves against their oppressors. The women’s movement has made large steps to eliminate many of these blatantly sexist acts in the last century. Now the real difficulty is upon us: subtle acts of sexism and the degrading social roles of women in today’s conservative culture. Alice Brooks so eloquently described her experiences with inequality, stating, â€Å"the worse pain came from those little things people said or did to me. † As these â€Å"little things† accumulate in the experience of a oung woman, she increasingly finds herself powerless in her relationships, employment, economics, and society in general. The female child has as many goals as the male child, but statistically she is unable to realize these goals because of the obstacles that society sets in front of her. Society and media attempt to create an illusion that women have every right that men enjoy. However, women will never be equal until the day female scientists, intellectuals, professionals, military leaders, and politicians are just as accepted and encouraged to participate in all of society’s arenas as males. How to cite History of Feminism in the 1990’s, Essay examples

Media futures and new technologies

Researchers have been discussing distinctions between new and old media for two decades. Many researchers note that the term ‘new media’ is quite irrelevant as the Internet and related products were used as far back as the late 1970s (Stafford 2005).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Media futures and new technologies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some claim that there is no competition at all and all types of media develop in their own ways and there is no or little distinction between the two types of media (Bunz 2010). However, the distinctions are apparent and quite numerous. These distinctions affect politics, business and, of course, people’s everyday life. It is possible to take a closer look at two types of media (newspapers and social networks like Facebook) to see the difference and particular influences of these types of media. In the first place, it is important to note that both types of media (newspapers and Facebook) are regarded as major sources of information spread. A decade ago the major distinction between the two sources of information was the format. Newspapers represented print sources and Facebook is only associated with digit. However, the things have changed within ten years and now newspapers can be found in a digital format. Thus, another important distinction comes into play. The primary source of information is the distinction that remains. Facebook often operates opinions and rumours. Facebook users also discuss news provided in newspapers. On the contrary, newspapers (reputable newspapers are taken into account) use checked information only. They extract information from primary sources. Therefore, newspapers can be regarded as the sources of reliable information which is backed up by facts and checked data.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF L earn More Of course, it is possible to consider times when newspapers were the only way to spread news. However, the present paper will not focus on the distant 18th and 19th centuries. Newspapers were also the major way to obtain news in the twentieth century (Hendricks 2010). The twenty-first century is characterised by a certain shift. Now people share news via such social networks as Facebook. However, people often cast doubt on the news provided in Facebook. Moreover, Bunz (2010) mentions that 83% of stories are repetitive these days. Thus, Facebook users extract information from the so-called conventional sources, usually newspapers. On the other hand, the case with the so-called Arab Spring and revolutions in countries of the Middle East and Africa show that Facebook sometimes becomes the only reliable source of information. When there is evident lack of free media in a country, the Internet provides vast opportunities and such social networks as Facebook are becoming poten t tools to share news (Sreberny 2012). People shared their experiences and people could find out about the real situation in their country reading Facebook posts (and other Internet posts). The newspapers available provided information which was dictated by the forces in power. Ironically, Facebook (as well as some other Internet resources) was the only source of reliable information. People could know what was really happening with the help of Facebook. At this point, it is necessary to note that, the cases of revolutions and oppressive regimes are quite exceptional, but they still contribute to the overall picture. As far as the countries with free media are concerned, the situation with trust to Facebook and newspapers has not changed dramatically. People still trust conventional media more (Stafford 2005). Even in people’s everyday life this is apparent. Thus, when speaking of news provided as Facebook posts, people can be impressed and start discussion, but they will sti ll look for some evidence in newspapers (Fenton 2009). Therefore, newspapers are still considered to be primary sources of information.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Media futures and new technologies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some researchers note that now there is decline in readership (Fenton 2009). Fenton (2009, p. 37) notes that â€Å"local newspaper circulation declined from nearly 48 million in 1989 to 41 million in 2004† and there was â€Å"a fall of 15 per cent†. Some claim that this decline is the result of increasing popularity of emerging Internet resources. However, Fenton (2009) also adds that there were a number of declines throughout the second part of the twentieth century. For instance, from 1960 to 1995, there was a significant drop in the USA (31% decline), 38% decline in the UK, 48% drop in Australia (Fenton, 2009, p. 189). At that, Fenton (2009) notes that there was a n increase of newspaper circulation in such countries as Finland (52% increase) and Japan (45% increase) in the same period. Obviously, decline or increase of newspaper circulation has little to do with development of new technology. Nevertheless, newspaper owners have been trying to address the problem of decline and came to quite a similar decision. Now newspapers have acquired digital format to become more up-to-date. Researchers state that now the two types of media merge (Rogers 2005). French (2011, p. 17) notes that newspapers have â€Å"toyed with experiments including advertising price increases, paid subscriptions to their websites, and even developing iPad-only magazines†. Pfeiffer and Zinnbauer (2010) also note that major newspapers are now available online, which makes them available 24 hours a day. Now they can provide news 24 hours a day, which makes these sources almost equal to Facebook. Newspapers are almost equal in terms of the load of information as they s till have comparatively scarce resources. Facebook posts can be created by any user of Facebook who witnessed something (or decided to share his/her opinion). At the same time, qualified reporters (the number of these professionals is almost insignificant compared to the number of Facebook users) generate news which appear in newspapers.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is necessary to note that these differences affect politics, business and people’s everyday life. For instance, politics used to rely on newspapers and television in the twentieth century. The politics of the twenty-first century resort to new media. Thus, US President Obama resorted to Facebook and YouTube during his election campaign, which proved to be successful. As for business, in the twentieth century, business sent their releases to newspapers to spread news about their companies (Rogers 2005). Now there is no need in such precision as any company has its own website where news concerning the company can be posted. Companies also resort to Facebook quite often. Nonetheless, companies still rely on conventional resources especially when it is important to cover a large audience and spread some important news. The differences between the two sources are quite evident in the field of advertisement. Thus, Facebook as any other Internet resource is very attractive for a dvertisers due to quite vast opportunities. Pop-ups and a variety of other types of advertisement can be available online. However, the policy of this resource is to have small amount of advertisement. At the same time, print newspapers do not have so many opportunities due to quite restricted space. Nonetheless, online newspapers are not inferior to Facebook and any other online resource. More so, newspapers do not have such restrictions as Facebook, which makes the former more attractive for advertisers. As has been mentioned above, the distinctions between Facebook and newspapers can be traced in people’s everyday life. Though there is certain decline of readership, people still read newspapers (print as well as digital). Of course, young people tend to spend more time socialising in Facebook. Older people tend to read newspapers more, whereas young people read Facebook posts. Notably, one of the major distinctions between the two sources, i.e. the primary source of news, has led to certain change in people’s life and their aspirations. Thus, to become a newsmaker, one should have become a famous person, a person who stood out against the crowd. To provide news to public, people also had to study and become professional journalists. However, now Facebook provides a lot of opportunities to all people who have access to the Internet. Thus, Facebook users reveal their opinions or share their routine and are already regarded as newsmakers. As for professional journalists, Facebook does not need such professionals. Any Facebook user can write about an event which took place in his/her community. Again, a Facebook user can provide his/her opinion on some news, events or even opinion provided by another Facebook user. All these people feel they are journalists who contribute to spread of important or meaningful information. On balance, it is possible to note that newspapers and Facebook are regarded as some of the major resources of information sprea d. The two major distinctions between the two sources are the format and the primary sources used. Thus, newspapers (both print and digit) are still regarded as reputable sources which provide reliable information whereas Facebook is not seen as a reliable source of information and Facebook users often refer to newspapers. However, it is important to note that in some countries under specific circumstances Facebook have been the only source of reliable information. All these peculiarities of the two sources have affected people lives in many ways. Of course, one of the most meaningful changes is that people are now becoming active agents in the process of information sharing which is important in the contemporary globalized world. Reference List Bunz, M 2010, ‘Old media or new media – who breaks the news today?‘, Guardian. Web. Fenton, N 2009, New media, old news: journalism and democracy in the digital age, SAGE Publications Ltd., London. French, K 2011, ‘E merging convergence’, The HUB. Web. Hendricks, JA 2010, The twenty-first-century media industry: economic and managerial implications in the age of new media, Lexington Books, Plymouth. Pfeiffer, M Zinnbauer, M 2010, ‘Can old media enhance new media? How traditional advertising pays off for an online social network’, Journal of Advertising Research 50.1, pp. 42-50. Rogers, R 2005, ‘New media effects: do formats organize networks?’, Complexity 10.4, pp. 22-34. Sreberny, A 2012, ‘ New media and the Middle East: thinking allowed’, II Journal. Web. Stafford, MR 2005, Advertising, promotion, and new media, M.E. Sharpe, New York. This essay on Media futures and new technologies was written and submitted by user Nancy L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.